Share Market Kaise Kaam Karta Hai ?

Share market, jise stock market bhi kaha jata hai, ek aisa bazaar hai jahan par companies apne shares bech kar paisa ikattha karti hain aur investors un shares ko kharid kar us company ke ownership ka ek hissa le lete hain. Share market kaam karne ka tarika aur iske control ka vyavastha India mein kaise hoti hai, isse samajhne ke liye, humein pehle share market ki buniyadiyat aur iske operating mechanisms ko samajhna hoga.

Share Market Ka Buniyadiyaat

1. Shares Aur Stocks:

Shares: Jab ek company apne capital ko raise karne ke liye apne ownership ko chhoti chhoti parts mein divide karti hai, to har part ko share kaha jata hai. Ek share ek company ka ownership ka chhota hissa hota hai.

Stocks: Stocks ek general term hai jo shares ke collective form ko refer karta hai.

2. Primary Market Aur Secondary Market:

Primary Market: Is market mein companies apne shares ko pehli baar public ko offer karti hain. Is process ko Initial Public Offering (IPO) kaha jata hai.

Secondary Market: Jab IPO ke baad shares trade hote hain, tab yeh secondary market ke through hota hai. Investors shares ko ek dusre ko bechte aur kharidte hain.

3. Stock Exchanges:

NSE (National Stock Exchange): Yeh India ka ek major stock exchange hai jahan par shares ki trading hoti hai.

BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange): Yeh bhi ek major stock exchange hai jahan shares aur securities ka trading hota hai.

Share Market Kaise Kaam Karta Hai?

1. Listing:

Jab ek company IPO ke through apne shares ko public ke liye offer karti hai, to yeh shares stock exchanges par list hote hain. Listing ke baad yeh shares public trading ke liye available ho jate hain.

2. Trading:

Buy Aur Sell Orders: Investors buy aur sell orders place karte hain. Jab kisi investor ko ek share kharidna hota hai, to woh buy order place karta hai aur jab sell karna hota hai to sell order place karta hai.

Order Matching: Stock exchanges par ek matching engine hota hai jo buy aur sell orders ko match karta hai aur transactions execute karta hai.

3. Price Determination:

Demand Aur Supply: Shares ke prices demand aur supply ke basis par determine hote hain. Agar ek company ke shares ki demand zyada hai aur supply kam hai, to prices increase hoti hain.

Market Sentiment: Market ki overall sentiment bhi share prices ko affect karti hai. Positive news ya company ke achhe results se prices increase ho sakti hain.

Share Market Mein Kaun Control Karta Hai?

1. SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India):

SEBI, jo ki securities aur stock exchanges ke regulation aur development ke liye responsible hai, India ki primary regulatory authority hai. SEBI ka kaam stock markets ko regulate karna, investors ke interests ko protect karna, aur market ke functioning ko smooth banana hota hai.

2. Stock Exchanges (NSE Aur BSE):

NSE aur BSE stock exchanges hain jo market trading ko facilitate karte hain. Yeh exchanges rules aur regulations set karte hain jo trading activities ko govern karte hain.

3. Government of India:

Government bhi indirect control rakhti hai through policies aur regulations jo SEBI aur stock exchanges ke operations ko influence karte hain.

Example

Suppose ek company "ABC Ltd." hai jo IPO ke zariye apne shares ko public ke liye offer kar rahi hai. Company ne decide kiya hai ki woh 10 lakh shares ko IPO ke through market mein introduce karegi.

1. IPO Process:

ABC Ltd. apne shares ko IPO ke liye register karti hai aur SEBI se approval leti hai.

IPO ke liye ek price band decide hota hai, maan lijiye 100 120 rupees per share.

2. Listing:

IPO ke successful completion ke baad, ABC Ltd. ke shares NSE aur BSE par list ho jate hain.

3. Trading:

Ab market mein trading shuru hoti hai. Agar investor ko ABC Ltd. ke shares ko kharidna hai, to woh buy order place karega aur agar sell karna hai to sell order place karega.

Agar market mein ABC Ltd. ke shares ke demand zyada hai, to share price 120 rupees se bhi zyada ho sakta hai.

4. Price Fluctuations:

Share ki price demand aur supply ke adhar par fluctuate karti hai. Agar company ka performance achha hota hai, to price increase ho sakti hai aur agar performance poor hota hai, to price decrease ho sakti hai.

5. Regulation:

SEBI ensure karta hai ki market mein transparency aur fairness ho. Kisi bhi illegal activity ko detect karna aur investors ko protect karna SEBI ka primary role hai.

Conclusion:

Share market ek complex system hai jahan par companies apne shares ko public ke liye offer karti hain aur investors in shares ko trade karte hain. Is market ka control SEBI ke through hota hai jo market ke transparency aur fairness ko ensure karta hai. Stock exchanges jaise NSE aur BSE trading activities ko facilitate karte hain aur overall market functioning ko smooth banate hain.

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